return to main pageDan McInnis -
BIG PRINT with Tape
Started April 16, 2008 Table of Contents
Dan's BigPrint/Tape Users Guide Source Code Listing Object Deck Blurb-Draft
Dan's BigPrint/Tape Users Guide - Rough Draft 3/24,2008Dan's WORD version
BigPrint/Tape Users Guide Rough Draft 3/24,2008 The BigPrint/Tape program was originally written by Ed Thelen. Dan Mcinnis has added several enhancements. The program was chosen to be used along with a verbal demo presentation as a CHM demo offering to visitors.
The program deck has the following organization:
A: Object deck B: "Blurb" deck C: "-" end of deck control card D: Date card. E: Visitor name cards . F: Control cards. As desired by Docent G: "-" end of deck control card The program uses the following sense switches:
1: SS A Last card detection (currently is inoperative, thus the use of "-" card). 2: SS B OFF write to tape ON skip tape writing 3: SS C OFF print ON skip printing 4: SS D OFF Punch cards ON skip punching 5: SS E: OFF stacker select ON skip stacker select The sense switches may be turned on or off at any time while the program is running
The intended use is at program load time to disable using a feature that is inoperative
Thus if all features are working all switches except A would be off. The A switch should be ON. (the feature may be fixed).Control cards:
Control card usage permits changing program operation by inserting the cards into the visitor name card deck to provide halts and other functions. The program output consists two pages of print for each name card encountered.
- '-' end of deck card has a minus sign in col 1 all other columns are ignored. This is used to signal end of blurb cards. Also used to signal end of program (if A switch is off or inoperative)
- '$' stop printing card has a dollar sign in col 1 all other columns are ignored. the program halts when this card is encountered, the run button is pushed to continue the program. Name cards will continue to be read but there will be no further printing or punching. Could be used to increase tape write time.
- '=' change tape record size card has an equal sign in col 1 all other columns are ignored. The original tape record size is 332 characters. This feature enables records of 2700 characters to be written. This is a way to write enough tape to provide a high speed rewind. The program halts when this card is read and the run button must be pushed to continue. The use of the '$ card and blank cards may be necessary to reach high speed rewind. The '$' card would be inserted after the last guest name card and 'dummy' cards added (the number to be dependent on the number of guests and how many total cards are needed to get to high speed rewind on tape drive) these would be followed by the end of card control card.
- '?' Halt card has a question mark in col 1 all other columns are ignored. This enables halts while the program is running. The presenter may want to halt in order to provide explanations. The printer is noisy. Pressing run will continue the program.
The first page has the following all in "big print" format: visitors name, followed by the information on the date card followed by "VISITED THE COMPUTER HISTORY MUSEUM "The second page contains a full page of single spaced 1401 information. the 'blurb', this consists of a deck of cards the first 65 columns is used in each card thus 2 cards are needed for each line of print. The blurb deck immediately follows the last object card (the clear read area and branch to start of program card) and is followed by a '-' control card to indicate end of the deck.The program will stacker select the name cards into stacker 1, this helps when the cards are to be given to the guests.Note: Preceding the date by "ON " makes a more sensible presentation.
The program will also punch the guest name. They would also be given to guest, let him check for punch errors.
The program will write a tape record for each print line. Thus the tape drive will continuously write.
All the above are under control of sense switches and control cards. When the last card is read or end of deck control card encountered, the program rewinds tape and halts. The demo will probably require two people- a presenter and an operator. Before the demo the operator will bring up power on all components, Run an assurance program to insure all features are operational and use sense switches to disable any 'down' features. The operator will have to insure that cards are in the punch station, the tape drive has a tape mounted and loaded and that low density has been selected. The printer paper has to be positioned to be a beginning of the page and the carriage control tape reset. During the presentation the operator will have to depress the run button whenever a program halt is encountered, this depends on control card usage. The program without control cards has only one halt at the beginning of the program and at end of program.
The master program deck and 'blurb' cards will be kept in the restoration lab. There should be several decks produced and stored. The operator will be responsible to know where the decks are located. The operator will keypunch the date and name cards and insert them into their correct locations in the program deck before the demo begins.
The use of control cards will have to be coordinated with each docent presenter, and desired ones inserted along with the name cards.
Program Halts:
343 – Beginning of program halt. Press run to start reading blurb cards.534 – End of program. Does not restart.
1540 – Dollar control card sensed, stop printing, press run to continue.
1566 – Question mark control card sensed. press run to continue.
1557 – Equal control card sensed, write long tape records, press run to continue
Dan's BigPrint/Tape Source Code .S
* BIGPRINT/TAPE * PROGRAM BY ED THELEN * MODIFIED BY DAN MCINNIS APRIL 1,2008 * ADDED SENSE SWITCH CONTROLS AND CONTROL CARDS * SS B OFF - WRITE TO TAPE ON - SKIP TAPE WRITING * SS C OFF - PRINT ON - SKIP PRINTING * SS D OFF - PUNCH ON - SKIP PUNCHING * SS E OFF - SS NAME CARDS ON - DON'T SS NAME CARDS * CONTROL CARD - COL 1 END OF BLURB CARDS OR * END OF NAME CARDS GO TO PROGRAM END * CONTROL CARD $ HALT AND THEN STOP PRINTING AND PUNCHING * CONTROL CARD ? HALT PRESS RUN TO RESTART * CONTROL CARD = HALT AND THEN CHANGE TO LONG TAPE RECORDS INBUF DS 1 * ORG 87 X1 DSA 0 * index register 1 ORG 92 X2 DSA 0 * index register 2 ORG 97 X3 DSA 0 * index register 3 * ORG 201 * START PRINT OUTPUT AREA PRNTA DC 1 PRNTA1 DC 1 PRNTA2 DC 1 PRNTA3 DC 1 PRNTA4 DC 1 * * ------------------------------------------------------------- ORG 335 * START ORIGINAL PROGRAM AREA PICKUP DCW 000 START2 CS 80 * CLEAR WORD MARKS FROM CARD READ H * HALT TO CHECK PAPER AND TAPE SW 001 * SET WORD MARK B LOADTS * CALL SUB TO READ TEXT UNTIL - R * READ DATE CARD MCW 25,DATE25 * PUT IT IN A SAFE PLACE RDGEST BSS SKIPC1,C * IF C SWITCH ON SKIP PAPER SKIP CC 1 * TOP OF FORM SKIPC1 R * READ GUEST CARD BSS SKST,E * SKIP STACKER SELECT SS 1 * GUEST CARD IN STACKER 1 SKST C LMINUS,001 * IS FIRST COL MINUS? BE NEND * YES, STOP C LQUES,001 BE DOQUES C L1DOL,001 * IS IT A DOLLAR CARD BE DODOL * GO SET DODOL SWITCH C L1EQU,001 * IS IT EQUAL CARD BE DOEQU * GO SET EQU SWITCH BSS NEND,A * TEST FOR LAST CARD C DOLSW,ONE1 * IS DOLLAR SWITCH ON BE SKIPPU * SKIP PUNCH BSS SKIPPU,D * SKIP PUNCHING LCA 080,180 * P * PUNCH GUEST CARD * NEW TOP OF FORM * GUEST CARD IMAGE IN CARD READ AREA SKIPPU B BIGPRT * CALL SUB TO PROCESS GUEST CARD & VISITED * DOUBLE SIZE CONTROL IS RETURNED AS ZERO OK * MCW L1V0,DOUBLE * SET FOR SINGLE SIZE BIG PRINT MCW DATE25,WORK * PRINT DATE LINE B PRINTS MCW LINE3,WORK B PRINTS MCW LINE4,WORK B PRINTS BSS SKIPC2,C * SKIP PAPER TOP OF FORM IF SENSE SWITCH C ON CC 1 * TOP OF FORM SKIPC2 B PNTTXT * PRINT TEXT DATA FROM MEMORY B RDGEST * AND GOTO NEXT GUEST CARD * NEND SS 1 BSS SKIPC3,C * SKIP TOP OF FORM IF SS C ON CC 1 * TOP OF FORM SKIPC3 BSS NOREW,B * IF NOT SSB REWIND TAPE RWD 1 * REWIND TAPE - HOPEFULLY HSPEED NOREW H 111 * MAKE WORD MARK * * LOAD TEXT CARD PAIRS INTO MEMORY, SETTING INDEX LIMIT AT END LOADTS SBR LOADTX&3 * SET RETURN ADDRESS NOP MCW L3V65,X3 * 65=>X3 * SET UP INDEX PUT AWAY MCW L3V000,TXLIM * SET UP LIMIT CS 80 * CLEAR CARD INPUT AREA SW 001 LOADC R * READ 1ST CARD OF PAIR C LMINUS,001 * HAS IT A LEADING - ? BE LOADTX * YES, EXIT C P3V130,TXLIM BE LOADC * 16,000 NEAR FULL, SKIP TIL - SIGN A L3V001,TXLIM * ADD 1 TO LINE COUNT MCW 065,TXTSTR&X3 * MOVE 65 CHAR OF CARD IMAGE TO STORE MA L3V65,X3 * INCREMENT PUT AWAY INDEX R * READ 2ND CARD OF PAIR C LMINUS,001 * HAS IT A LEADING - ? BE LOADTX * YES, EXIT MCW 065,TXTSTR&X3 * MOVE 65 CHAR OF CARD IMAGE TO STORE MA L3V65,X3 * INCREMENT PUT AWAY INDEX B LOADC LOADTX B 000 * RETURN FROM SUBROUTINE L3V65 DCW 065 LMINUS DCW @-@ * * * BIG PRINT SUBROUTINE BIGPRT SBR BIGPTX&3 * SET RETURN ADDRESS MCW L1V1,DOUBLE * MCW L3V000,PICKUP * INITIALIZE PICKUP MCW BLANKS,WORK * BLANK WORK AREA, FOR 1ST NAME MCW PICKUP,X1 * START SCAN MCW L3V000,X2 * START PUTAWAY BIGPTA MCW 1&X1,PCHAR * MOVE 1ST CHAR OF 1ST NAME MCW PCHAR,WORK-24&X2 * A ONE3,X1 A ONE3,X2 C L3V012,X2 * TOO MANY? BE BIGPTB * YES, PRINT C L1VBL,PCHAR * WAS IT BLANK BU BIGPTA BIGPTB MCW X1,PICKUP B PRINTS * MCW BLANKS,WORK * BLANK WORK AREA, FOR 2ND NAME MCW L1VBL,BIGLST * SHOW NO CHARS IN LAST NAME MCW PICKUP,X1 * START SCAN MCW L3V002,X2 * START PUTAWAY BIGPTC MCW 1&X1,PCHAR * MOVE 1ST CHAR OF LAST NAME MCW PCHAR,WORK-24&X2 * A ONE3,X1 C X1,L3VO79 * DON'T SCAN PAST END OF CARD BE BIGPTD * YES, TERMINATE C L1VBL,BIGLST * IF INTO LAST NAME, DON'T EAT MANY BLANKS BU BIGNET C L1VBL,PCHAR * BLANK BE BIGPTC * YES, EAT LEADING BLANKS BIGNET MCW PCHAR,BIGLST * A ONE3,X2 C L3V012,X2 * TOO MANY? BU BIGPTC BIGPTD MCW X1,PICKUP B PRINTS * PRINT LAST NAME BIGPTX B 000 * SUBROUTINE RETURN BIGLST DCW 1 * ------------------------------------------------------------- * * NOW WE PRINT THAT BABY OUT :-)) * PROPOSED FORMAT * 2 * 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 * 12345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890 * PRINTS SBR PRINTX&3 * set return address MCW ZERO3,WROW * initialize print row counter PRINT1 MCW ZERO3,WCOL * initialize work character pick up MCW L3V000,PCOL * initialize output index CS 332 * clear printer area CS SW 201 PRINT2 MCW WCOL,X1 * prepare to pick up next character to be processed MCW WORK-24&X1,PCHAR * and get it A ONE3,WCOL * process character into INDX MCW L3V0BB,INDXLO * iniialize three char INDX C L1VCMA,PCHAR * is it a comma, low already zeroed BU PCXA * MCW L1V3,INDXMD B PC5 * done PCXA C L1VDOT,PCHAR * is it a period, low already zeroed BU PCXB * MCW L1V1,INDXMD B PC5 * done PCXB C L1VMIN,PCHAR * is it a bar, minus BU PCXC MCW L1V2,INDXMD B PC5 * done PCXC MN PCHAR,INDXLO * move numerical 8421 C PCHAR,ZERO1 * branch if PCHAR <> ZERO BU PC1 MCW L1V4,INDXMD * force index 40 MCW ZERO1,INDXLO B PC5 * zero processed PC1 C L1VZ,PCHAR * branch if PCHAR <= 0 BH PC5 C L1VS,PCHAR * branch if PCHAR < S BL PC2 A ONE1,INDXMD PC2 C L1VJ,PCHAR * branch if PCHAR < J BL PC3 A ONE1,INDXMD PC3 C L1VA,PCHAR * branch if PCHAR < A BL PC4 A ONE1,INDXMD PC4 C C L1VZ,PCHAR * branch if PCHAR in range BE PC5 BL PC5 MCW ZERO3,INDXLO * form blank MCW L1VBL,PCHAR * print blank PC5 NOP * dummy - START MPY BY 14 MCW INDXLO,WORK3 * times 1 A INDXLO,WORK3 * times 2 A INDXLO,WORK3 * times 3 A INDXLO,WORK3 * times 4 A INDXLO,WORK3 * times 5 A INDXLO,WORK3 * times 6 A INDXLO,WORK3 * times 7 A WORK3,WORK3 * times 14 MCW WORK3,INDXLO * back into position - tidy?? A WROW,INDXLO * make INDEX+(2*WROW) A WROW,INDXLO * make INDEX+(2*WROW) A TWO3,INDXLO * add element size * prepare to output MCW PCOL,X3 * output column MCW INDXLO,X1 * pickup proper mask MCW CODEA&X1,MASK2 * * --------------------------------- MCW L3V000,X2 * set up bit select index LOOP1 C BITSEL&X2,MASK2 * do compare BL L2 MCW PCHAR,WCHAR * yes, print special S BITSEL&X2,MASK2 * fix mask MN MASK2,NOZONE MCW NOZONE,MASK2 B L3 L2 MCW L1VBL,WCHAR L3 A L3V002,X2 * go to next bit MCW WCHAR,PRNTA&X3 * print proper character A L3V001,X3 C L1V0,DOUBLE *are we going double? BE L4 * no MCW WCHAR,PRNTA&X3 * print proper character A L3V001,X3 * L4 C L3V009,X2 BL LOOP1 A L3V001,X3 C L1V0,DOUBLE BE L5 A L3V001,X3 L5 MCW X3,PCOL *save column pointer C L3V132,X3 * BL PRINT2 * W *write the print area to the printer - SIMH blanks col 2? B TAPE C L1V0,DOUBLE *are we going double? BE L6 * no * W *write the print area to the printer COMMENTED OUT B TAPE L6 A ONE3,WROW * increment row counter C L3V007,WROW BL PRINT1 * do another row CS 332 * clear printer area CS SW 201 * W *write the print area to the printer - SIMH blanks col 2? B TAPE PRINTX B 0 *** RETURN TO CALL DCW 0 TAPE SBR RTN1&3 BSS SKIP,C C DOLSW,ONE1 * DOLLAR SWITCH IS ON BE SKIP C L1EQU,001 BE SKIP W SKIP BSS RTN1,B LGPM LCA GPMK,333 WT 1,1 RTN1 B 0 DCW 0 DODOL SBR RTN2&3 * SET DON'T PRINT SWITCH LCA ONE1,DOLSW * SET SWITCH TO 1 H * HALT FOR PRESENTOR RTN2 B 0 DCW 0 DOEQU SBR RTN3&3 * SET LONG TAPE RECORD SWITCH LCA LNOP,LGPM * PUT NOP IN SET GROUP MARK LOC H * HALT FOR PRESNETOR RTN3 B 0 DOQUES SBR RTN4&3 H * HALT AND THEN RETURN RTN4 B 0 * * START PRINT TEXT STUFF, 130 COL (65 X 2) UNTIL LIMIT - MUST HAVE ONE LINE PNTTXT SBR PNTTXX&3 * SET UP RETURN NOP MCW P3V130,X3 * SET UP INDEX FETCH MCW L3V000,X2 * INITIALIZE LINE COUNTER CS 332 * CLEAR TOP OF PRINT AREA SW 201 * ASSURE WORD MARK AT BEGIN PRINT AREA * TOP OF FORM HERE?? PNTCYC C X2,TXLIM BE PNTTXX MCW TXTSTR&X3,330 * MOVE 130 CHAR * W * WRITE TO PRINTER COMMENTED OUT B TAPE * MODIFICATION FOR TAPE MA P3V130,X3 * ADD LENGTH TO FETCH A L3V001,X2 * INCREMENT LINE COUNTER B PNTCYC * AND LOOP MORE PNTTXX B 000 * RETURN FROM SUBROUTINE P3V130 DCW 130 * * * * * GENERAL PARAMETER AREA DOUBLE DCW 0 * ZERO PRINTS SINGLE SIZE * * * * work areas for PRINTS DCW @WCOL:@ WCOL DCW 000 * pickup index from input area DCW @WROW:@ WROW DCW 000 DCW @PCHAR:@ PCHAR DCW 0 WCHAR DCW 0 DCW @INDX:@ INDXHI DCW 1 * fabricate the fancy index INDXMD DC 1 INDXLO DC 1 * INDX EQU INDXLO DCW @MASK2:@ MASK2 DCW @00@ * 2 character mask DCW @WORK3:@ WORK3 DCW 000 DCW @PCOL:@ PCOL DCW 000 DCW @ZERO3@ ZERO3 DCW 000 ZERO1 DCW 0 ONE3 DCW 001 ONE1 DCW 1 TWO3 DCW 002 FIVE3 DCW 005 TWO4S2 DCW 16 TWO3S2 DCW 08 TWO2S2 DCW 04 TWO1S2 DCW 02 ONE2 DCW 01 NOZONE DCW 0 L1V1 DCW @1@ L3V000 DCW @000@ L3V012 DCW @012@ L1VBL DCW @ @ L3V002 DCW @002@ L1V0 DCW @0@ L3V0BB DCW @0 @ L1VCMA DCw @,@ L1V3 DCW @3@ L1VDOT DCW @.@ L1VMIN DCW @-@ L1DOL DCW @$@ L1EQU DCW @=@ L1V2 DCW @2@ L1V4 DCW @4@ L1VZ DCW @Z@ L1VS DCW @S@ L1VJ DCW @J@ L1VA DCW @A@ L3V001 DCW @001@ L3V009 DCW @009@ L3V132 DCW @132@ L3V007 DCW @007@ L3VO79 DCW @079@ DOLSW DCW 0 LNOP DCW @N@ LQUES DCW @?@ BITSEL DCW 16 DCW 08 DCW 04 DCW 02 DCW 01 DCW 00 * * * NEW VARIABLES TXLIM DCW @000@ * TEXT INDEX LIMIT * 1234567890123456789012345 DATE25 DCW @0000000000000000000000000@ * SAVE DATE 25 LONG * * * * WORKING AREAS * ORG 1750 * 1234567890123456789012345678 WORKA DS 0 DS 0 WORK DCW @0000000000000000000000000@ * WORK AREA FOR STRING 25 LONG * * Ron Mak says that blanks process as zeros * * 0 1 2 3 4 * 1234567890123456789012345678901234567890 BLANKS DCW @ @ * SET WORK TO BLANKS LINE3 DCW @VISITED THE COMPUTER @ LINE4 DCW @ HISTORY MUSEUM @ * BCD collating sequence A .lt. Z .lt. 0 .lt. 9 .lt. B * MASK IS 14 CHR BA8421 CODEA DS 0 DC @00000000000000@ DC @04120404040414@ DC @14170102030431@ DC @31020402010114@ DC @02061018310202@ DC @31163001011714@ DC @06081630171714@ DC @31010204080808@ DC @14171714171714@ DC @14171715010212@ DC @00000000001212@ DC @14171717311717@ DC @30171730171730@ DC @14171616161714@ DC @24181717171824@ DC @31161630161631@ DC @31161630161616@ DC @14171623171715@ DC @17171731171717@ DC @14040404040414@ DC @00000031000000@ DC @07020202021812@ DC @17182224221817@ DC @16161616161631@ DC @17272121171717@ DC @17172521191717@ DC @14171717171714@ DC @30171730161616@ DC @14171717212213@ DC @30171730201817@ DC @00000000120408@ DC @00010203041600@ DC @15161614010130@ DC @31040404040404@ DC @17171717171714@ DC @17171717171004@ DC @17171721212110@ DC @17171004101717@ DC @17171710040404@ DC @31010204081631@ DC @14171921251714@ DCW @123456789012345678901234567890@ ORG 2700 GPMK DCW @"@ * GROUP MARK TXTSTR DCW @0@ END START2 * NEW LAST CARD IN DECK, TRANSFER ADDRESS
Listing
Object Deck
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Blurb-Draft
001 002 003 004 1401 DATA PROCESSING SYSTEM 005 006 007 008 THE IBM 1401 DATA PROCESSING SYSTEM,INTRODUCED IN OCTOBER 1959,WA 009 S ONE OF IBM'S MOST IMPORTANT AND SUCCESSFUL PRODUCTS. ABOUT 010 15,000 1401-FAMILY COMPUTERS WERE MADE AND DELIVERED WORLDWIDE IN 011 THE 1960'S,FAR EXCEEDING INITIAL EXPECTATIONS. BY MARCH 1961 012 AFTER ONLY A SINGLE YEAR OF FULL PRODUCTION,2,000 MACHINES HAD AL 013 READY BEEN DELIVERED. A YEAR LATER INCOME FROM THE 1401 LINE 014 SURPASSED THAT FROM UNIT RECORD ACCOUNTING MACHINES FOR THE FIRST 015 TIME. CONVINCING IBM THAT THE ERA OF COMPUTERS HAD ARRIVED. 016 BY 1964,40% OF ALL EXISTING COMPUTERS WERE IBM FAMILY MACHINES. 017 THE RUNAWAY SUCCESS OF THE 1401 INSPIRED TWO APPLICATION 018 COMPATIBLE COMPUTERS: 1) THE HONEYWELL H-200 MARKETED AS THE "LIB 019 ERATOR", AND 2) THE IBM 360 MODEL 30, THE NATURAL SUCCESSOR TO 020 THE 1401, DELIVERED IN 1965, THAT EMULATED THE 1401'S INSTRUCTION 021 SET VIA SPECIAL MICROCODE. THE 1401 AND FOLLOW-ON FAMILY 022 COMPATIBLE MACHINES WERE SOLD UNTIL 1970. 023 024 025 026 THE GOAL OF THE 1401'S DESIGN WAS TO BE A CAPABLE BUSINESS SYSTEM 027 AT LEAST THREE TIMES AS FAST YET CHEAPER THAN THE UBIQUITOUS 028 PLUG-BOARD BASED UNIT-RECORD ACCOUNTING MACHINES OF THE 1950'S, T 029 HE IBM 402,407 AND 604. THE GOAL WAS ACHIEVED BY CLEVER DESIGN 030 OF THE SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE AND THE USE OF MODERATE-SPEED TRANSIST 031 OR CIRCUITRY. THE METHOD OF READING DATA INTO CORE MEMORY AND 032 MANIPULATING IT THERE, ALONG WITH THE USE OF MAGNETIC TAPE TO REP 033 LACE BULKY CARD DECKS FOR MASTER AND SCRATCH DATA FILES, MADE 034 COLLATE/MERGE/PRINT OPERATIONS MUCH FASTER AND MUCH CHEAPER THAN 035 THE OLD CARD-BASED ACCOUNTING SYSTEMS. 036 037 038 1401 SYSTEMS COULD BE CONFIGURED WITH 1,400 TO 4,000 CHARACTERS O 039 F MEMORY IN THE CPU AND UP TO 12,000 MORE IN AN EXTENDED-MEMORY 040 EXTERNAL UNIT FOR A MAXIMUM OF 16,000. THE TYPICAL INSTALLATION H 041 AD 4,000 OR 8,000 CHARACTERS OF MEMORY FOR PROGRAMS AND DATA. 042 THE MEMORY TECHNOLOGY WAS MAGNETIC CORES, TINY FERRITE DONUTS WOV 043 EN BY HAND INTO A MESH OF FINE WIRES. EACH DONUT CAN BE 044 MAGNETIZED IN ONE OF TWO ORIENTATIONS WHICH CAN BE SENSED BY PULS 045 ING A CURRENT THROUGH THE MESH, GIVING A 1 OR 0 VALUE. CORE 046 MEMORY BEING HAND-MADE COST IBM AS MUCH AS $4/CHARACTER -- SEVERA 047 L HUNDRED MILLION TIMES THE PER-BYTE COST OF MEMORY TODAY. 048 049 050 THE 1401 INSTRUCTION SET WAS DESIGNED FOR EFFICIENT HANDLING OF B 051 USINESS DATA-PROCESSING APPLICATIONS. IT IS BASED AROUND THE USE 052 OF VARIABLE-LENGTH CHARACTER STRINGS AND DECIMAL ARITHMETIC ON VA 053 RIABLE-LENGTH DECIMAL OPERANDS, UNLIKE THE FIXED PRECISION BINARY 054 ARITHMETIC USED IN MOST CURRENT MACHINES. A 1401 MEMORY POSITION 055 HAS 6 DATA BITS PLUS AN END-OF-WORD MARK BIT AND A PARITY BIT. 056 THE 6 DATA BITS ALLOW FOR A SET OF AT MOST 64 CHARACTERS, THE WOR 057 D-MARK BIT DELIMITS THE END OF A VARIABLE-LENGTH OPERAND, EITHER 058 A STRING OR A DECIMAL NUMBER. 059 060 061 062 CONTRIBUTING TO THE SUCCESS OF THE 1401 WAS ITS FAMILY OF HIGHLY 063 RELIABLE AND CAPABLE PERIPHERALS. THE 1402 READER/PUNCH READS 064 AT 800 CARDS/MINUTE AND PUNCHES 250 CARDS/MINUTE. THE 1403 CHAIN 065 PRINTER WRITES UP TO 600 LINES/MINUTE. AS MANY AS 6 REEL-TO-REEL 066 TAPE DRIVES COULD BE ATTACHED. lATER THE MODEL 1311 DISK STORAGE 067 UNIT BECAME AVAILABLE WITH REMOVABLE DISK PACKS HOLDING UP TO 068 2 MILLION CHARACTERS (WELL UNDER THE CAPACITY OF A REEL OF TAPE). 069 THERE WAS NO OPERATING SYSTEM SO PROGRAMS ACCESSED DISK DATA BY 070 PHYSICAL HEAD AND TRACK. IN 1965 DISKS AND AN OPERARTING SYSTEM B 071 ECAME STANDARD WITH THE IBM 360 LINE. 072 073 074 WHILE THE 1401 COST LESS TO MAKE THAN A UNIT-RECORD INSTALLATION 075 OF COMPARABLE ABILITY, THE 1401 WAS BY NO MEANS SIMPLE. A LARGE 076 1401 SYSTEM COMPRISES ABOUT 100,000 MECHANICAL PARTS AND ABOUT 50 077 ,000 ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS, INCLUDING 10,000 TRANSISTORS AND 078 14,000 DIODES ACROSS 3,000 SMS CARDS. EACH SYSTEM CAME WITH A ROL 079 LING CART WITH DOZENS OF LARGE BINDERS OF CIRCUIT DIAGRAMS AND 080 MAINTENANCE INSTRUCTIONS, AND MANY YARDS OF HEAVY, ARM-THICK DATA 081 AND POWER CABLES TO CONNECT ITS UNITS. 082 083 084 THE IBM BUSINESS MODEL, DEVELOPED AROUND THE LARGELY-MECHANICAL U 085 NIT-RECORD BUSINESS, WAS TO BUILD TO A HIGH STANDARD AND TO RENT 086 NOT SELL,THE HARDWARE. A TYPICAL 4,000 CHARACTER 1401 SYSTEM RENT 087 ED FOR ABOUT $7,000 PER MONTH: ABOUT $50,000/MONTH IN TODAY'S 088 DOLLARS, ADJUSTED FOR INFLATION. THE LEASE FEE INCLUDED MAINTENAN 089 CE FROM IBM CUSTOMER ENGINEERS (C.E'S) ON CALL 24/7. IF ONE 090 COMPARES THE COMPUTATIONAL POWER OF A MODERN PC TO THE 1401 SYSTE 091 M IN TODAY'S DOLLARS, THE MODERN PC IS ABOUT 10 BILLION TIMES 092 FASTER PER DOLLAR! 093 094 095 096 COMPUTER HISTORY MUSEUM VOLUNTEERS, INCLUDING ABOUT A DOZEN RETIR 097 ED IBM ENGINEERS, HAVE WORKED FOR OVER 10,000 HOURS AND 4 YEARS 098 TO FULLY RESTORE THIS 1401 SYSTEM. WE'RE LOOKING FOR NEW VOLUNTE 099 ERS! IF INTERESTED, PLEASE SEE THE PROJECT WEB SITE AT 100 HTTP://WWW.EDTHELEN.ORG/1401PROJECT/1401RESTORATIONPAGE.HTML 101 - ON APRIL 5, 2008 DAN MCINNIS - - BILL WORTHINGTON DAVID CORTESI JIM SOMERS STAN PADDOCK DAN MCINNIS - = ? $ NP00333M%U1001WB0000HV43LX15X75. L032V39,V15V23,V27V28,V32V3910400042
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